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Medicine, Solomon Islands
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Medicine, Solomon Islands @beauty_com_sb: Latest medical news from Solomon Islands

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Bridging Near and Remote Oceania: mtDNA and NRY Variation in the Solomon Islands
Fri, 13 Jan 2012 05:00:00 +0100 | Molecular Biology and Evolution
Although genetic studies have contributed greatly to our understanding of the colonization of Near and Remote Oceania, important gaps still exist. One such gap is the Solomon Islands, which extend between Bougainville and Vanuatu, thereby bridging Near and Remote Oceania, and include both Austronesian-speaking and Papuan-speaking groups. Here, we describe patterns of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and nonrecombining Y chromosome (NRY) variation in over 700 individuals from 18 populations in the Solomons, including 11 Austronesian-speaking groups, 3 Papuan-speaking groups, and 4 Polynesian Outliers (descended via back migration from Polynesia). We find evidence for ancient (pre-Lapita) colonization of the Solomons in old NRY paragroups as well as from M2-M353, which probably arose in the Solomon...

Yaws in the Western Pacific Region: A Review of the Literature
Thu, 22 Dec 2011 15:52:09 +0100 | Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Until the middle of the 20th century, yaws was highly endemic and considered a serious public health problem in the Western Pacific Region (WPR), leading to intensive control efforts in the 1950s–1960s. Since then, little attention has been paid to its reemergence. Its current burden is unknown. This paper presents the results of an extensive literature review, focusing on yaws in the South Pacific. Available records suggest that the region remains largely free of yaws except for Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu. Many clinical cases reported recently were described as “attenuated”; advanced stages are rare. A single intramuscular injection of benzathine penicillin is still effective in curing yaws. In the Pacific, yaws may be amenable to elimination if adeq...

Environment world review of the year: '2011 rewrote the record books'
Thu, 22 Dec 2011 12:45:00 +0100 | Guardian Unlimited Science
The ecologically tumultuous year saw record greenhouse gas emissions, melting Arctic sea ice, natural disasters and extreme weather – and the world's second worst nuclear disasterThe year 2011 was another ecologically tumultuous year with greenhouse gases rise to record levels, Arctic sea ice nearly equalling 2007's record melt, and temperatures the 11th highest ever recorded.It was marked on the ground by unparalleled extremes of heat and cold in the US, droughts and heatwaves in Europe and Africa and record numbers of weather-related natural disasters.In addition, 2011 saw the world population reach 7 billion, the second worst nuclear disaster and record investments in renewable energy.The 41 sea, land and air indicators used by the US government's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admi...

Development of a Surgical Capacity Index: Opportunities for Assessment and Improvement
Fri, 16 Dec 2011 06:53:42 +0100 | World Journal of Surgery
Conclusions  Pending pilot testing for reliability and validity, it appears that a systematic hospital surgical capacity index can identify areas for improvement and provide an objective measure for monitoring changes over time. Content Type Journal ArticlePages 1-8DOI 10.1007/s00268-011-1385-zAuthors Steve Kwon, Department of Surgery, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Box 356410, Seattle, WA 98195-6410, USAT. Peter Kingham, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USAThaim B. Kamara, Department of Surgery, Connaught Hospital, Freetown, Sierra LeoneLawrence Sherman, Department of Surgery, Firestone Hospital, Monrovia, LiberiaEileen Natuzzi, Department of Surgery, Scripps Memorial Hospital, Encinitas, CA, USACharles M...

Scarcity of healthcare worker protection in eight low‐ and middle‐income countries: surgery and the risk of HIV and other bloodborne pathogens
Mon, 31 Oct 2011 04:00:00 +0100 | Tropical Medicine and International Health
Conclusion  Substantial deficiencies of basic protective supplies exist in low‐ and middle‐income countries. (Source: Tropical Medicine and International Health)

Papuamides E and F, Cytotoxic Depsipeptides from the Marine Sponge Melophlus sp.
Sun, 23 Oct 2011 12:50:30 +0100 | Tetrahedron
Authors: Prasad P, Aalbersberg W, Feussner KD, Van Wagoner RM Abstract Two known papuamides C (1) and D (2) together with two new depsipeptides, papuamides E (3) and F (4), were isolated from an undescribed sponge of the genus Melophlus collected in the Solomon Islands. The planar structures of the compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic studies. Papuamides C-F (1-4) showed cytotoxicity against brine shrimp with LD(50) values between 92 and 106 μg/mL. PMID: 22003260 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Tetrahedron)

Changes in vector species composition and current vector biology and behaviour will favour malaria elimination in Santa Isabel Province, Solomon Islands
Fri, 30 Sep 2011 04:00:00 +0100 | Malaria Journal
An important paper on the malaria vectors of the Santa Isabel Province, Solomon Islands, which gives the current status of the vectorial fauna and valuable insights into vector control and the perspective of malaria elimination from this area of Southwest Pacific. (Source: Malaria Journal)

Geologist Daniel Smith on the new Feist album Metals
Sun, 18 Sep 2011 21:16:01 +0100 | Guardian Unlimited Science
Feist wants Metals to reflect the earth's "raw, dormant ore" and it has an earthy, laid-back feel but "raw, dormant ore" isn't at all laid backCanadian singer-songwriter Feist wants Metals, her latest album, to reflect the earth's "raw, dormant ore" rather than the highly engineered steel that goes into skyscrapers. She has done that pretty well: driven by acoustic guitars and vocals, her music has an earthy, laid-back feel.The trouble is that "raw, dormant ore" isn't at all laid back, and neither is the work of the average geologist. Ore is formed by catastrophic processes: volcanoes laying down mineral deposits, hot fluids boiling through fractures in the earth's crust. There's nothing chilled about that. And take a look at Bingham Canyon in Utah, one of the world's largest man-made mini...

Influence of environmental factors on the abundance of Anopheles farauti larvae in large brackish water streams in Northern Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands
Tue, 13 Sep 2011 02:17:09 +0100 | BioMed Central
This study has demonstrated that the presence and abundance Anopheles farauti larvae are influenced by environmental factors within the large streams. Understanding these parameters will allow for targeted cost effective implementation of source reduction and larviciding to support the frontline malaria control measures, including IRS and LLIN. (Source: BioMed Central)